From 3e1bc0fb0e767d0da61a1e0877f526792cedf150 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Manuel Cillero <manuel@cillero.es>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 20:04:26 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] =?UTF-8?q?=E2=99=BB=EF=B8=8F=20Cambia=20en=20prepare?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=5Fcomponent()=20el=20tipo=20devuelto?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Elimina `PrepareMarkup` como tipo de retorno de prepare_component() y de
`FnPrepareRender`, sustituyéndolo directamente por `Markup`. Se elimina
una capa innecesaria, ya que html! {} y html! { ... } cubren todos los
casos que ofrecía `PrepareMarkup`.
---
 .gitignore                                    |   2 +
 .../src/theme/container/component.rs          |  28 ++--
 .../src/theme/dropdown/component.rs           |   8 +-
 .../src/theme/dropdown/item.rs                |  24 +--
 .../src/theme/form/component.rs               |   6 +-
 .../src/theme/form/fieldset.rs                |   6 +-
 .../pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/input.rs  |   6 +-
 extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/icon.rs |  12 +-
 .../src/theme/image/component.rs              |  10 +-
 .../src/theme/nav/component.rs                |   8 +-
 .../pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/item.rs    |  24 +--
 .../src/theme/navbar/brand.rs                 |   8 +-
 .../src/theme/navbar/component.rs             |   8 +-
 .../pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/item.rs |  18 +--
 .../src/theme/offcanvas/component.rs          |   4 +-
 src/base/action/theme/prepare_render.rs       |   6 +-
 src/base/component/block.rs                   |   8 +-
 src/base/component/html.rs                    |   4 +-
 src/base/component/intro.rs                   |   6 +-
 src/base/component/poweredby.rs               |   6 +-
 src/core/action.rs                            |   2 +-
 src/core/component.rs                         |   4 +-
 src/core/component/context.rs                 |  21 +++
 src/core/component/definition.rs              |  10 +-
 src/html.rs                                   |  80 ----------
 src/html/logo.rs                              |   6 +-
 tests/html_markup.rs                          | 107 +++++++++++++
 tests/html_pm.rs                              | 144 ------------------
 28 files changed, 241 insertions(+), 335 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/html_markup.rs
 delete mode 100644 tests/html_pm.rs

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 65db440e..ab19156b 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -8,3 +8,5 @@
 **/local.*.toml
 **/local.toml
 .env
+.cargo
+.vscode
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/container/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/container/component.rs
index b105abb1..38fc9e1f 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/container/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/container/component.rs
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ impl Component for Container {
         self.alter_classes(ClassesOp::Prepend, self.container_width().to_class());
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
         let output = self.children().render(cx);
         if output.is_empty() {
-            return PrepareMarkup::None;
+            return html! {};
         }
         let style = match self.container_width() {
             container::Width::FluidMax(w) if w.is_measurable() => {
@@ -45,36 +45,36 @@ impl Component for Container {
             _ => None,
         };
         match self.container_kind() {
-            container::Kind::Default => PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+            container::Kind::Default => html! {
                 div id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] style=[style] {
                     (output)
                 }
-            }),
-            container::Kind::Main => PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+            },
+            container::Kind::Main => html! {
                 main id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] style=[style] {
                     (output)
                 }
-            }),
-            container::Kind::Header => PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+            },
+            container::Kind::Header => html! {
                 header id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] style=[style] {
                     (output)
                 }
-            }),
-            container::Kind::Footer => PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+            },
+            container::Kind::Footer => html! {
                 footer id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] style=[style] {
                     (output)
                 }
-            }),
-            container::Kind::Section => PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+            },
+            container::Kind::Section => html! {
                 section id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] style=[style] {
                     (output)
                 }
-            }),
-            container::Kind::Article => PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+            },
+            container::Kind::Article => html! {
                 article id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] style=[style] {
                     (output)
                 }
-            }),
+            },
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/component.rs
index 3e683f18..a5f17298 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/component.rs
@@ -63,17 +63,17 @@ impl Component for Dropdown {
         );
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
         // Si no hay elementos en el menú, no se prepara.
         let items = self.items().render(cx);
         if items.is_empty() {
-            return PrepareMarkup::None;
+            return html! {};
         }
 
         // Título opcional para el menú desplegable.
         let title = self.title().using(cx);
 
-        PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+        html! {
             div id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] {
                 @if !title.is_empty() {
                     @let mut btn_classes = Classes::new({
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ impl Component for Dropdown {
                     ul class="dropdown-menu" { (items) }
                 }
             }
-        })
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/item.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/item.rs
index 91570636..2bc3bf02 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/item.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/item.rs
@@ -62,17 +62,17 @@ impl Component for Item {
         self.id.get()
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
         match self.item_kind() {
-            ItemKind::Void => PrepareMarkup::None,
+            ItemKind::Void => html! {},
 
-            ItemKind::Label(label) => PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+            ItemKind::Label(label) => html! {
                 li id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] {
                     span class="dropdown-item-text" {
                         (label.using(cx))
                     }
                 }
-            }),
+            },
 
             ItemKind::Link {
                 label,
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ impl Component for Item {
                 let aria_disabled = disabled.then_some("true");
                 let tabindex = disabled.then_some("-1");
 
-                PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+                html! {
                     li id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] {
                         a
                             class=(classes)
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ impl Component for Item {
                             (label.using(cx))
                         }
                     }
-                })
+                }
             }
 
             ItemKind::Button { label, disabled } => {
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ impl Component for Item {
                 let aria_disabled = disabled.then_some("true");
                 let disabled_attr = disabled.then_some("disabled");
 
-                PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+                html! {
                     li id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] {
                         button
                             class=(classes)
@@ -137,20 +137,20 @@ impl Component for Item {
                             (label.using(cx))
                         }
                     }
-                })
+                }
             }
 
-            ItemKind::Header(label) => PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+            ItemKind::Header(label) => html! {
                 li id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] {
                     h6 class="dropdown-header" {
                         (label.using(cx))
                     }
                 }
-            }),
+            },
 
-            ItemKind::Divider => PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+            ItemKind::Divider => html! {
                 li id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] { hr class="dropdown-divider" {} }
-            }),
+            },
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/component.rs
index 2da46e3f..b3a814a1 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/component.rs
@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ impl Component for Form {
         self.alter_classes(ClassesOp::Prepend, "form");
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
         let method = match self.method() {
             form::Method::Post => Some("post"),
             form::Method::Get => None,
         };
-        PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+        html! {
             form
                 id=[self.id()]
                 class=[self.classes().get()]
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl Component for Form {
             {
                 (self.children().render(cx))
             }
-        })
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/fieldset.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/fieldset.rs
index 36092ca2..f731e566 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/fieldset.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/fieldset.rs
@@ -22,15 +22,15 @@ impl Component for Fieldset {
         self.id.get()
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
-        PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+        html! {
             fieldset id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] disabled[*self.disabled()] {
                 @if let Some(legend) = self.legend().lookup(cx) {
                     legend { (legend) }
                 }
                 (self.children().render(cx))
             }
-        })
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/input.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/input.rs
index bf76e082..019c98c0 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/input.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/input.rs
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ impl Component for Input {
         );
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
         let id = self.name().get().map(|name| util::join!("edit-", name));
-        PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+        html! {
             div class=[self.classes().get()] {
                 @if let Some(label) = self.label().lookup(cx) {
                     label for=[&id] class="form-label" {
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ impl Component for Input {
                     div class="form-text" { (description) }
                 }
             }
-        })
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/icon.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/icon.rs
index 96de2049..dfce3aa9 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/icon.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/icon.rs
@@ -35,26 +35,26 @@ impl Component for Icon {
         }
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
         match self.icon_kind() {
-            IconKind::None => PrepareMarkup::None,
+            IconKind::None => html! {},
             IconKind::Font(_) => {
                 let aria_label = self.aria_label().lookup(cx);
                 let has_label = aria_label.is_some();
-                PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+                html! {
                     i
                         class=[self.classes().get()]
                         role=[has_label.then_some("img")]
                         aria-label=[aria_label]
                         aria-hidden=[(!has_label).then_some("true")]
                     {}
-                })
+                }
             }
             IconKind::Svg { shapes, viewbox } => {
                 let aria_label = self.aria_label().lookup(cx);
                 let has_label = aria_label.is_some();
                 let viewbox = viewbox.get().unwrap_or_else(|| DEFAULT_VIEWBOX.to_string());
-                PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+                html! {
                     svg
                         xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
                         viewBox=(viewbox)
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl Component for Icon {
                     {
                         (shapes)
                     }
-                })
+                }
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/image/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/image/component.rs
index 4362a25f..de2866cc 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/image/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/image/component.rs
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ impl Component for Image {
         self.alter_classes(ClassesOp::Prepend, self.source().to_class());
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
         let dimensions = self.size().to_style();
         let alt_text = self.alternative().lookup(cx).unwrap_or_default();
         let is_decorative = alt_text.is_empty();
         let source = match self.source() {
             image::Source::Logo(logo) => {
-                return PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+                return html! {
                     span
                         id=[self.id()]
                         class=[self.classes().get()]
@@ -53,20 +53,20 @@ impl Component for Image {
                     {
                         (logo.render(cx))
                     }
-                })
+                }
             }
             image::Source::Responsive(source) => Some(source),
             image::Source::Thumbnail(source) => Some(source),
             image::Source::Plain(source) => Some(source),
         };
-        PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+        html! {
             img
                 src=[source]
                 alt=(alt_text)
                 id=[self.id()]
                 class=[self.classes().get()]
                 style=[dimensions] {}
-        })
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/component.rs
index 00703c79..48cef0a3 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/component.rs
@@ -42,17 +42,17 @@ impl Component for Nav {
         });
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
         let items = self.items().render(cx);
         if items.is_empty() {
-            return PrepareMarkup::None;
+            return html! {};
         }
 
-        PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+        html! {
             ul id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] {
                 (items)
             }
-        })
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/item.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/item.rs
index 06bb7353..be9b2932 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/item.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/item.rs
@@ -99,17 +99,17 @@ impl Component for Item {
         self.alter_classes(ClassesOp::Prepend, self.item_kind().to_class());
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
         match self.item_kind() {
-            ItemKind::Void => PrepareMarkup::None,
+            ItemKind::Void => html! {},
 
-            ItemKind::Label(label) => PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+            ItemKind::Label(label) => html! {
                 li id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] {
                     span class="nav-link disabled" aria-disabled="true" {
                         (label.using(cx))
                     }
                 }
-            }),
+            },
 
             ItemKind::Link {
                 label,
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ impl Component for Item {
                 let aria_current = (href.is_some() && is_current).then_some("page");
                 let aria_disabled = (*disabled).then_some("true");
 
-                PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+                html! {
                     li id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] {
                         a
                             class=(classes)
@@ -149,27 +149,27 @@ impl Component for Item {
                             (label.using(cx))
                         }
                     }
-                })
+                }
             }
 
-            ItemKind::Html(html) => PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+            ItemKind::Html(html) => html! {
                 li id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] {
                     (html.render(cx))
                 }
-            }),
+            },
 
             ItemKind::Dropdown(menu) => {
                 if let Some(dd) = menu.borrow() {
                     let items = dd.items().render(cx);
                     if items.is_empty() {
-                        return PrepareMarkup::None;
+                        return html! {};
                     }
                     let title = dd.title().lookup(cx).unwrap_or_else(|| {
                         L10n::t("dropdown", &LOCALES_BOOTSIER)
                             .lookup(cx)
                             .unwrap_or_else(|| "Dropdown".to_string())
                     });
-                    PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+                    html! {
                         li id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] {
                             a
                                 class="nav-link dropdown-toggle"
@@ -184,9 +184,9 @@ impl Component for Item {
                                 (items)
                             }
                         }
-                    })
+                    }
                 } else {
-                    PrepareMarkup::None
+                    html! {}
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/brand.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/brand.rs
index b39f8032..15a7c57f 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/brand.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/brand.rs
@@ -36,20 +36,20 @@ impl Component for Brand {
         self.id.get()
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
         let image = self.image().render(cx);
         let title = self.title().using(cx);
         if title.is_empty() && image.is_empty() {
-            return PrepareMarkup::None;
+            return html! {};
         }
         let slogan = self.slogan().using(cx);
-        PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+        html! {
             @if let Some(route) = self.route() {
                 a class="navbar-brand" href=(route(cx)) { (image) (title) (slogan) }
             } @else {
                 span class="navbar-brand" { (image) (title) (slogan) }
             }
-        })
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/component.rs
index 77aa5e57..36ce7961 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/component.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ impl Component for Navbar {
         });
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
         // Botón de despliegue (colapso u offcanvas) para la barra.
         fn button(cx: &mut Context, data_bs_toggle: &str, id_content: &str) -> Markup {
             let id_content_target = util::join!("#", id_content);
@@ -75,13 +75,13 @@ impl Component for Navbar {
         // Si no hay contenidos, no tiene sentido mostrar una barra vacía.
         let items = self.items().render(cx);
         if items.is_empty() {
-            return PrepareMarkup::None;
+            return html! {};
         }
 
         // Asegura que la barra tiene un `id` para poder asociarlo al colapso/offcanvas.
         let id = cx.required_id::<Self>(self.id());
 
-        PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+        html! {
             nav id=(id) class=[self.classes().get()] {
                 div class="container-fluid" {
                     @match self.layout() {
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ impl Component for Navbar {
                     }
                 }
             }
-        })
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/item.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/item.rs
index 376ba6db..89b7c45e 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/item.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/item.rs
@@ -46,30 +46,30 @@ impl Component for Item {
         }
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
         match self {
-            Self::Void => PrepareMarkup::None,
-            Self::Brand(brand) => PrepareMarkup::With(html! { (brand.render(cx)) }),
+            Self::Void => html! {},
+            Self::Brand(brand) => html! { (brand.render(cx)) },
             Self::Nav(nav) => {
                 if let Some(nav) = nav.borrow() {
                     let items = nav.items().render(cx);
                     if items.is_empty() {
-                        return PrepareMarkup::None;
+                        return html! {};
                     }
-                    PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+                    html! {
                         ul id=[nav.id()] class=[nav.classes().get()] {
                             (items)
                         }
-                    })
+                    }
                 } else {
-                    PrepareMarkup::None
+                    html! {}
                 }
             }
-            Self::Text(text) => PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+            Self::Text(text) => html! {
                 span class="navbar-text" {
                     (text.using(cx))
                 }
-            }),
+            },
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/offcanvas/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/offcanvas/component.rs
index fe990681..2e35f96d 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/offcanvas/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/offcanvas/component.rs
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ impl Component for Offcanvas {
         });
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
-        PrepareMarkup::With(self.render_offcanvas(cx, None))
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+        self.render_offcanvas(cx, None)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/base/action/theme/prepare_render.rs b/src/base/action/theme/prepare_render.rs
index 8e46e8cc..8cc362be 100644
--- a/src/base/action/theme/prepare_render.rs
+++ b/src/base/action/theme/prepare_render.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 /// los componentes.
 ///
 /// Recibe una referencia al componente `component` y una referencia mutable al contexto `cx`.
-pub type FnPrepareRender<C> = fn(component: &C, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup;
+pub type FnPrepareRender<C> = fn(component: &C, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup;
 
 /// Ejecuta [`FnPrepareRender`] para preparar el renderizado de un componente.
 ///
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ impl<C: Component> PrepareRender<C> {
 
     /// Despacha las acciones. Se detiene en cuanto una renderiza.
     #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn dispatch(component: &C, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
-        let mut render_component = PrepareMarkup::None;
+    pub(crate) fn dispatch(component: &C, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+        let mut render_component = html! {};
         dispatch_actions(
             &ActionKey::new(
                 UniqueId::of::<Self>(),
diff --git a/src/base/component/block.rs b/src/base/component/block.rs
index 77eacfec..c10c6fa2 100644
--- a/src/base/component/block.rs
+++ b/src/base/component/block.rs
@@ -29,23 +29,23 @@ impl Component for Block {
         self.alter_classes(ClassesOp::Prepend, "block");
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
         let block_body = self.children().render(cx);
 
         if block_body.is_empty() {
-            return PrepareMarkup::None;
+            return html! {};
         }
 
         let id = cx.required_id::<Block>(self.id());
 
-        PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+        html! {
             div id=(id) class=[self.classes().get()] {
                 @if let Some(title) = self.title().lookup(cx) {
                     h2 class="block__title" { span { (title) } }
                 }
                 div class="block__body" { (block_body) }
             }
-        })
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/base/component/html.rs b/src/base/component/html.rs
index ae8e1a33..58d16857 100644
--- a/src/base/component/html.rs
+++ b/src/base/component/html.rs
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ impl Component for Html {
         Self::default()
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
-        PrepareMarkup::With(self.html(cx))
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+        self.html(cx)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/base/component/intro.rs b/src/base/component/intro.rs
index 715d4839..793ad8b7 100644
--- a/src/base/component/intro.rs
+++ b/src/base/component/intro.rs
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ impl Component for Intro {
         ));
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
         if *self.opening() == IntroOpening::PageTop {
             cx.alter_assets(ContextOp::AddJavaScript(JavaScript::on_load_async("intro-js", |cx|
                 util::indoc!(r#"
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ impl Component for Intro {
             )));
         }
 
-        PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+        html! {
             div class="intro" {
                 div class="intro-header" {
                     section class="intro-header__body" {
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ impl Component for Intro {
                     }
                 }
             }
-        })
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/base/component/poweredby.rs b/src/base/component/poweredby.rs
index e90263c9..61f7ab84 100644
--- a/src/base/component/poweredby.rs
+++ b/src/base/component/poweredby.rs
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ impl Component for PoweredBy {
         PoweredBy { copyright: Some(c) }
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
-        PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+        html! {
             div id=[self.id()] class="poweredby" {
                 @if let Some(c) = self.copyright() {
                     span class="poweredby__copyright" { (c) "." } " "
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ impl Component for PoweredBy {
                     (L10n::l("poweredby_pagetop").with_arg("pagetop_link", LINK).using(cx))
                 }
             }
-        })
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/core/action.rs b/src/core/action.rs
index 9f81cd52..da7fb803 100644
--- a/src/core/action.rs
+++ b/src/core/action.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ pub use all::dispatch_actions;
 /// impl Theme for MyTheme {}
 ///
 /// fn before_render_button(c: &mut Button, cx: &mut Context) { todo!() }
-/// fn render_error404(c: &Error404, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup { todo!() }
+/// fn render_error404(c: &Error404, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup { todo!() }
 /// ```
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! actions_boxed {
diff --git a/src/core/component.rs b/src/core/component.rs
index ba35fe48..0eb347e5 100644
--- a/src/core/component.rs
+++ b/src/core/component.rs
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ pub use context::{Context, ContextError, ContextOp, Contextual};
 ///         self.renderable.map_or(true, |f| f(cx))
 ///     }
 ///
-///     fn prepare_component(&self, _cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
-///         PrepareMarkup::Escaped("Visible component".into())
+///     fn prepare_component(&self, _cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+///         html! { "Visible component" }
 ///     }
 /// }
 ///
diff --git a/src/core/component/context.rs b/src/core/component/context.rs
index 5ac1ebe8..3e159c26 100644
--- a/src/core/component/context.rs
+++ b/src/core/component/context.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use crate::{builder_fn, util, CowStr};
 
 use std::any::Any;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fmt;
 
 /// Operaciones para modificar recursos asociados al [`Context`] de un documento.
 pub enum ContextOp {
@@ -45,6 +46,26 @@ pub enum ContextError {
     },
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for ContextError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            ContextError::ParamNotFound => {
+                write!(f, "parameter not found")
+            }
+            ContextError::ParamTypeMismatch {
+                key,
+                expected,
+                saved,
+            } => write!(
+                f,
+                "type mismatch for parameter \"{key}\": expected \"{expected}\", found \"{saved}\""
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for ContextError {}
+
 /// Interfaz para gestionar el **contexto de renderizado** de un documento HTML.
 ///
 /// `Contextual` extiende [`LangId`] para establecer el idioma del documento y añade métodos para:
diff --git a/src/core/component/definition.rs b/src/core/component/definition.rs
index 13b03851..1992c2e7 100644
--- a/src/core/component/definition.rs
+++ b/src/core/component/definition.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::base::action;
 use crate::core::component::Context;
 use crate::core::{AnyInfo, TypeInfo};
-use crate::html::{html, Markup, PrepareMarkup};
+use crate::html::{html, Markup};
 
 /// Define la función de renderizado para todos los componentes.
 ///
@@ -77,10 +77,10 @@ pub trait Component: AnyInfo + ComponentRender + Send + Sync {
     /// los campos de la estructura del componente. Es una forma de garantizar que los programadores
     /// podrán sobrescribir este método sin preocuparse por los detalles internos del componente.
     ///
-    /// Por defecto, devuelve [`PrepareMarkup::None`].
+    /// Por defecto, devuelve un [`Markup`] vacío (`html! {}`).
     #[allow(unused_variables)]
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
-        PrepareMarkup::None
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+        html! {}
     }
 }
 
@@ -137,6 +137,6 @@ impl<C: Component> ComponentRender for C {
         action::component::AfterRender::dispatch(self, cx);
 
         // Devuelve el marcado final.
-        prepare.render()
+        prepare
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/html.rs b/src/html.rs
index ea718a34..21809c08 100644
--- a/src/html.rs
+++ b/src/html.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 //! HTML en código.
 
-use crate::AutoDefault;
-
 mod maud;
 pub use maud::{display, html, html_private, Escaper, Markup, PreEscaped, DOCTYPE};
 
@@ -29,81 +27,3 @@ pub use classes::{Classes, ClassesOp};
 
 mod unit;
 pub use unit::UnitValue;
-
-// **< HTML PrepareMarkup >*************************************************************************
-
-/// Prepara contenido HTML para su conversión a [`Markup`].
-///
-/// Este tipo encapsula distintos orígenes de contenido HTML (texto plano, HTML sin escapar o
-/// fragmentos ya procesados) para renderizarlos de forma homogénea en plantillas, sin interferir
-/// con el uso estándar de [`Markup`].
-///
-/// # Ejemplo
-///
-/// ```rust
-/// # use pagetop::prelude::*;
-/// // Texto normal, se escapa automáticamente para evitar inyección de HTML.
-/// let fragment = PrepareMarkup::Escaped("Hola <b>mundo</b>".to_string());
-/// assert_eq!(fragment.into_string(), "Hola &lt;b&gt;mundo&lt;/b&gt;");
-///
-/// // HTML literal, se inserta directamente, sin escapado adicional.
-/// let raw_html = PrepareMarkup::Raw("<b>negrita</b>".to_string());
-/// assert_eq!(raw_html.into_string(), "<b>negrita</b>");
-///
-/// // Fragmento ya preparado con la macro `html!`.
-/// let prepared = PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
-///     h2 { "Título de ejemplo" }
-///     p { "Este es un párrafo con contenido dinámico." }
-/// });
-/// assert_eq!(
-///     prepared.into_string(),
-///     "<h2>Título de ejemplo</h2><p>Este es un párrafo con contenido dinámico.</p>"
-/// );
-/// ```
-#[derive(AutoDefault, Clone)]
-pub enum PrepareMarkup {
-    /// No se genera contenido HTML (equivale a `html! {}`).
-    #[default]
-    None,
-    /// Texto plano que se **escapará automáticamente** para que no sea interpretado como HTML.
-    ///
-    /// Úsalo con textos que provengan de usuarios u otras fuentes externas para garantizar la
-    /// seguridad contra inyección de código.
-    Escaped(String),
-    /// HTML literal que se inserta **sin escapado adicional**.
-    ///
-    /// Úsalo únicamente para contenido generado de forma confiable o controlada, ya que cualquier
-    /// etiqueta o script incluido será renderizado directamente en el documento.
-    Raw(String),
-    /// Fragmento HTML ya preparado como [`Markup`], listo para insertarse directamente.
-    ///
-    /// Normalmente proviene de expresiones `html! { ... }`.
-    With(Markup),
-}
-
-impl PrepareMarkup {
-    /// Devuelve `true` si el contenido está vacío y no generará HTML al renderizar.
-    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            PrepareMarkup::None => true,
-            PrepareMarkup::Escaped(text) => text.is_empty(),
-            PrepareMarkup::Raw(string) => string.is_empty(),
-            PrepareMarkup::With(markup) => markup.is_empty(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Convierte el contenido en una cadena HTML renderizada. Usar sólo para pruebas o depuración.
-    pub fn into_string(&self) -> String {
-        self.render().into_string()
-    }
-
-    /// Integra el renderizado fácilmente en la macro [`html!`].
-    pub(crate) fn render(&self) -> Markup {
-        match self {
-            PrepareMarkup::None => html! {},
-            PrepareMarkup::Escaped(text) => html! { (text) },
-            PrepareMarkup::Raw(string) => html! { (PreEscaped(string)) },
-            PrepareMarkup::With(markup) => html! { (markup) },
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/html/logo.rs b/src/html/logo.rs
index fd604414..d5dcaa0b 100644
--- a/src/html/logo.rs
+++ b/src/html/logo.rs
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ use crate::AutoDefault;
 ///
 /// ```rust
 /// # use pagetop::prelude::*;
-/// fn render_logo(cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
-///     PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
+/// fn render_logo(cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+///     html! {
 ///         div class="logo_color" {
 ///             (PageTopSvg::Color.render(cx))
 ///         }
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use crate::AutoDefault;
 ///         div class="line_red" {
 ///             (PageTopSvg::LineRGB(255, 0, 0).render(cx))
 ///         }
-///     })
+///     }
 /// };
 /// ```
 
diff --git a/tests/html_markup.rs b/tests/html_markup.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ed8d7d73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/html_markup.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+use pagetop::prelude::*;
+
+/// Componente mínimo para probar `Markup` pasando por el ciclo real de renderizado de componentes
+/// (`ComponentRender`). El parámetro de contexto `"renderable"` se usará para controlar si el
+/// componente se renderiza (`true` por defecto).
+#[derive(AutoDefault)]
+struct TestMarkupComponent {
+    markup: Markup,
+}
+
+impl Component for TestMarkupComponent {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        TestMarkupComponent::default()
+    }
+
+    fn is_renderable(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> bool {
+        cx.param_or::<bool>("renderable", true)
+    }
+
+    fn prepare_component(&self, _cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+        self.markup.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+// **< Comportamiento de Markup >*******************************************************************
+
+#[pagetop::test]
+async fn string_in_html_macro_escapes_html_entities() {
+    let markup = html! { ("<b>& \" ' </b>") };
+    assert_eq!(markup.into_string(), "&lt;b&gt;&amp; &quot; ' &lt;/b&gt;");
+}
+
+#[pagetop::test]
+async fn preescaped_in_html_macro_is_inserted_verbatim() {
+    let markup = html! { (PreEscaped("<b>bold</b><script>1<2</script>")) };
+    assert_eq!(markup.into_string(), "<b>bold</b><script>1<2</script>");
+}
+
+#[pagetop::test]
+async fn unicode_is_preserved_in_markup() {
+    // Texto con acentos y emojis: sólo se escapan los signos HTML.
+    let esc = html! { ("Hello, tomorrow coffee ☕ & donuts!") };
+    assert_eq!(esc.into_string(), "Hello, tomorrow coffee ☕ &amp; donuts!");
+
+    // PreEscaped debe pasar íntegro.
+    let raw = html! { (PreEscaped("Title — section © 2025")) };
+    assert_eq!(raw.into_string(), "Title — section © 2025");
+}
+
+#[pagetop::test]
+async fn markup_is_empty_semantics() {
+    assert!(html! {}.is_empty());
+
+    assert!(html! { ("") }.is_empty());
+    assert!(!html! { ("x") }.is_empty());
+
+    assert!(html! { (PreEscaped(String::new())) }.is_empty());
+    assert!(!html! { (PreEscaped("a")) }.is_empty());
+
+    assert!(html! { (String::new()) }.is_empty());
+
+    assert!(!html! { span { "!" } }.is_empty());
+
+    // Espacios NO se consideran vacíos.
+    assert!(!html! { (" ") }.is_empty());
+    assert!(!html! { (PreEscaped(" ")) }.is_empty());
+}
+
+// **< Markup a través del ciclo de componente >****************************************************
+
+#[pagetop::test]
+async fn non_renderable_component_produces_empty_markup() {
+    let mut cx = Context::default().with_param("renderable", false);
+    let mut comp = TestMarkupComponent {
+        markup: html! { p { "Should never be rendered" } },
+    };
+    assert_eq!(comp.render(&mut cx).into_string(), "");
+}
+
+#[pagetop::test]
+async fn markup_from_component_equals_markup_reinjected_in_html_macro() {
+    let cases = [
+        html! {},
+        html! { ("<b>x</b>") },
+        html! { (PreEscaped("<b>x</b>")) },
+        html! { b { "x" } },
+    ];
+
+    for markup in cases {
+        // Vía 1: renderizamos a través del ciclo de componente.
+        let via_component = {
+            let mut cx = Context::default();
+            let mut comp = TestMarkupComponent {
+                markup: markup.clone(),
+            };
+            comp.render(&mut cx).into_string()
+        };
+
+        // Vía 2: reinyectamos el Markup en `html!` directamente.
+        let via_macro = html! { (markup) }.into_string();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            via_component, via_macro,
+            "The output of component render and (Markup) inside html! must match"
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/html_pm.rs b/tests/html_pm.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 615ea470..00000000
--- a/tests/html_pm.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-use pagetop::prelude::*;
-
-/// Componente mínimo para probar `PrepareMarkup` pasando por el ciclo real
-/// de renderizado de componentes (`ComponentRender`).
-#[derive(AutoDefault)]
-struct TestPrepareComponent {
-    pm: PrepareMarkup,
-}
-
-impl Component for TestPrepareComponent {
-    fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            pm: PrepareMarkup::None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn prepare_component(&self, _cx: &mut Context) -> PrepareMarkup {
-        self.pm.clone()
-    }
-}
-
-impl TestPrepareComponent {
-    fn render_pm(pm: PrepareMarkup) -> String {
-        let mut c = TestPrepareComponent { pm };
-        c.render(&mut Context::default()).into_string()
-    }
-}
-
-#[pagetop::test]
-async fn prepare_markup_none_is_empty_string() {
-    assert_eq!(PrepareMarkup::None.into_string(), "");
-}
-
-#[pagetop::test]
-async fn prepare_markup_escaped_escapes_html_and_ampersands() {
-    let pm = PrepareMarkup::Escaped("<b>& \" ' </b>".to_string());
-    assert_eq!(pm.into_string(), "&lt;b&gt;&amp; &quot; ' &lt;/b&gt;");
-}
-
-#[pagetop::test]
-async fn prepare_markup_raw_is_inserted_verbatim() {
-    let pm = PrepareMarkup::Raw("<b>bold</b><script>1<2</script>".to_string());
-    assert_eq!(pm.into_string(), "<b>bold</b><script>1<2</script>");
-}
-
-#[pagetop::test]
-async fn prepare_markup_with_keeps_structure() {
-    let pm = PrepareMarkup::With(html! {
-        h2 { "Sample title" }
-        p  { "This is a paragraph." }
-    });
-    assert_eq!(
-        pm.into_string(),
-        "<h2>Sample title</h2><p>This is a paragraph.</p>"
-    );
-}
-
-#[pagetop::test]
-async fn prepare_markup_unicode_is_preserved() {
-    // Texto con acentos y emojis debe conservarse (salvo el escape HTML de signos).
-    let esc = PrepareMarkup::Escaped("Hello, tomorrow coffee ☕ & donuts!".into());
-    assert_eq!(esc.into_string(), "Hello, tomorrow coffee ☕ &amp; donuts!");
-
-    // Raw debe pasar íntegro.
-    let raw = PrepareMarkup::Raw("Title — section © 2025".into());
-    assert_eq!(raw.into_string(), "Title — section © 2025");
-}
-
-#[pagetop::test]
-async fn prepare_markup_is_empty_semantics() {
-    assert!(PrepareMarkup::None.is_empty());
-
-    assert!(PrepareMarkup::Escaped(String::new()).is_empty());
-    assert!(PrepareMarkup::Escaped("".to_string()).is_empty());
-    assert!(!PrepareMarkup::Escaped("x".to_string()).is_empty());
-
-    assert!(PrepareMarkup::Raw(String::new()).is_empty());
-    assert!(PrepareMarkup::Raw("".to_string()).is_empty());
-    assert!(!PrepareMarkup::Raw("a".into()).is_empty());
-
-    assert!(PrepareMarkup::With(html! {}).is_empty());
-    assert!(!PrepareMarkup::With(html! { span { "!" } }).is_empty());
-
-    // Ojo: espacios NO deberían considerarse vacíos (comportamiento actual).
-    assert!(!PrepareMarkup::Escaped(" ".into()).is_empty());
-    assert!(!PrepareMarkup::Raw(" ".into()).is_empty());
-}
-
-#[pagetop::test]
-async fn prepare_markup_does_not_double_escape_when_markup_is_reinjected_in_html_macro() {
-    let mut cx = Context::default();
-
-    // Escaped: dentro de `html!` no debe volver a escaparse.
-    let mut comp = TestPrepareComponent {
-        pm: PrepareMarkup::Escaped("<i>x</i>".into()),
-    };
-    let markup = comp.render(&mut cx); // Markup
-    let wrapped_escaped = html! { div { (markup) } }.into_string();
-    assert_eq!(wrapped_escaped, "<div>&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;</div>");
-
-    // Raw: tampoco debe escaparse al integrarlo.
-    let mut comp = TestPrepareComponent {
-        pm: PrepareMarkup::Raw("<i>x</i>".into()),
-    };
-    let markup = comp.render(&mut cx);
-    let wrapped_raw = html! { div { (markup) } }.into_string();
-    assert_eq!(wrapped_raw, "<div><i>x</i></div>");
-
-    // With: debe incrustar el Markup tal cual.
-    let mut comp = TestPrepareComponent {
-        pm: PrepareMarkup::With(html! { span.title { "ok" } }),
-    };
-    let markup = comp.render(&mut cx);
-    let wrapped_with = html! { div { (markup) } }.into_string();
-    assert_eq!(wrapped_with, "<div><span class=\"title\">ok</span></div>");
-}
-
-#[pagetop::test]
-async fn prepare_markup_equivalence_between_component_render_and_markup_reinjected_in_html_macro() {
-    let cases = [
-        PrepareMarkup::None,
-        PrepareMarkup::Escaped("<b>x</b>".into()),
-        PrepareMarkup::Raw("<b>x</b>".into()),
-        PrepareMarkup::With(html! { b { "x" } }),
-    ];
-
-    for pm in cases {
-        // Vía 1: renderizamos y obtenemos directamente el String.
-        let via_component = TestPrepareComponent::render_pm(pm.clone());
-
-        // Vía 2: renderizamos, reinyectamos el Markup en `html!` y volvemos a obtener String.
-        let via_macro = {
-            let mut cx = Context::default();
-            let mut comp = TestPrepareComponent { pm };
-            let markup = comp.render(&mut cx);
-            html! { (markup) }.into_string()
-        };
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            via_component, via_macro,
-            "The output of component render and (Markup) inside html! must match"
-        );
-    }
-}

From c3feff9efd5c5d01ce0845325a1266e89c7a2b9c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Manuel Cillero <manuel@cillero.es>
Date: Sat, 21 Mar 2026 11:12:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] =?UTF-8?q?=F0=9F=9A=9A=20Renombra=20`ContextOp`=20a?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20`AssetsOp`?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

El nombre anterior era ambiguo (podría referirse a cualquier operación
del contexto); `AssetsOp` describe exactamente lo que hace: operar sobre
los recursos del documento.
---
 extensions/pagetop-aliner/src/lib.rs   |  6 ++---
 extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/lib.rs |  4 +--
 src/base/component/intro.rs            |  4 +--
 src/base/theme/basic.rs                |  4 +--
 src/core/component.rs                  |  2 +-
 src/core/component/context.rs          | 34 +++++++++++++-------------
 src/lib.rs                             |  6 ++---
 src/response/page.rs                   |  4 +--
 8 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-aliner/src/lib.rs b/extensions/pagetop-aliner/src/lib.rs
index 04b5ad1a..30621b21 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-aliner/src/lib.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-aliner/src/lib.rs
@@ -105,17 +105,17 @@ impl Extension for Aliner {
 
 impl Theme for Aliner {
     fn before_render_page_body(&self, page: &mut Page) {
-        page.alter_assets(ContextOp::AddStyleSheet(
+        page.alter_assets(AssetsOp::AddStyleSheet(
             StyleSheet::from("/css/normalize.css")
                 .with_version("8.0.1")
                 .with_weight(-99),
         ))
-        .alter_assets(ContextOp::AddStyleSheet(
+        .alter_assets(AssetsOp::AddStyleSheet(
             StyleSheet::from("/css/basic.css")
                 .with_version(PAGETOP_VERSION)
                 .with_weight(-99),
         ))
-        .alter_assets(ContextOp::AddStyleSheet(
+        .alter_assets(AssetsOp::AddStyleSheet(
             StyleSheet::from("/aliner/css/styles.css")
                 .with_version(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"))
                 .with_weight(-99),
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/lib.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/lib.rs
index 5c88959a..0281fe7a 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/lib.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/lib.rs
@@ -151,12 +151,12 @@ impl Theme for Bootsier {
     }
 
     fn before_render_page_body(&self, page: &mut Page) {
-        page.alter_assets(ContextOp::AddStyleSheet(
+        page.alter_assets(AssetsOp::AddStyleSheet(
             StyleSheet::from("/bootsier/bs/bootstrap.min.css")
                 .with_version(BOOTSTRAP_VERSION)
                 .with_weight(-90),
         ))
-        .alter_assets(ContextOp::AddJavaScript(
+        .alter_assets(AssetsOp::AddJavaScript(
             JavaScript::defer("/bootsier/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js")
                 .with_version(BOOTSTRAP_VERSION)
                 .with_weight(-90),
diff --git a/src/base/component/intro.rs b/src/base/component/intro.rs
index 793ad8b7..fd68d2bc 100644
--- a/src/base/component/intro.rs
+++ b/src/base/component/intro.rs
@@ -110,14 +110,14 @@ impl Component for Intro {
     }
 
     fn setup_before_prepare(&mut self, cx: &mut Context) {
-        cx.alter_assets(ContextOp::AddStyleSheet(
+        cx.alter_assets(AssetsOp::AddStyleSheet(
             StyleSheet::from("/css/intro.css").with_version(PAGETOP_VERSION),
         ));
     }
 
     fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
         if *self.opening() == IntroOpening::PageTop {
-            cx.alter_assets(ContextOp::AddJavaScript(JavaScript::on_load_async("intro-js", |cx|
+            cx.alter_assets(AssetsOp::AddJavaScript(JavaScript::on_load_async("intro-js", |cx|
                 util::indoc!(r#"
                 try {
                     const resp = await fetch("https://crates.io/api/v1/crates/pagetop");
diff --git a/src/base/theme/basic.rs b/src/base/theme/basic.rs
index ca3c4a82..858f5d2b 100644
--- a/src/base/theme/basic.rs
+++ b/src/base/theme/basic.rs
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ impl Extension for Basic {
 
 impl Theme for Basic {
     fn before_render_page_body(&self, page: &mut Page) {
-        page.alter_assets(ContextOp::AddStyleSheet(
+        page.alter_assets(AssetsOp::AddStyleSheet(
             StyleSheet::from("/css/normalize.css")
                 .with_version("8.0.1")
                 .with_weight(-99),
         ))
-        .alter_assets(ContextOp::AddStyleSheet(
+        .alter_assets(AssetsOp::AddStyleSheet(
             StyleSheet::from("/css/basic.css")
                 .with_version(PAGETOP_VERSION)
                 .with_weight(-99),
diff --git a/src/core/component.rs b/src/core/component.rs
index 0eb347e5..79d524cc 100644
--- a/src/core/component.rs
+++ b/src/core/component.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ pub use children::{Child, ChildOp};
 pub use children::{Typed, TypedOp};
 
 mod context;
-pub use context::{Context, ContextError, ContextOp, Contextual};
+pub use context::{AssetsOp, Context, ContextError, Contextual};
 
 /// Alias de función (*callback*) para **determinar si un componente se renderiza o no**.
 ///
diff --git a/src/core/component/context.rs b/src/core/component/context.rs
index 3e159c26..e2a220b7 100644
--- a/src/core/component/context.rs
+++ b/src/core/component/context.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fmt;
 
 /// Operaciones para modificar recursos asociados al [`Context`] de un documento.
-pub enum ContextOp {
+pub enum AssetsOp {
     /// Define el *favicon* del documento. Sobrescribe cualquier valor anterior.
     SetFavicon(Option<Favicon>),
     /// Define el *favicon* solo si no se ha establecido previamente.
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ impl std::error::Error for ContextError {}
 /// - Almacenar la **petición HTTP** de origen.
 /// - Seleccionar el **tema** y la **plantilla** de renderizado.
 /// - Administrar **recursos** del documento como el icono [`Favicon`], las hojas de estilo
-///   [`StyleSheet`] o los scripts [`JavaScript`] mediante [`ContextOp`].
+///   [`StyleSheet`] o los scripts [`JavaScript`] mediante [`AssetsOp`].
 /// - Leer y mantener **parámetros dinámicos tipados** de contexto.
 /// - Generar **identificadores únicos** por tipo de componente.
 ///
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ impl std::error::Error for ContextError {}
 ///     cx.with_langid(&Locale::resolve("es-ES"))
 ///       .with_theme(&Aliner)
 ///       .with_template(&DefaultTemplate::Standard)
-///       .with_assets(ContextOp::SetFavicon(Some(Favicon::new().with_icon("/favicon.ico"))))
-///       .with_assets(ContextOp::AddStyleSheet(StyleSheet::from("/css/app.css")))
-///       .with_assets(ContextOp::AddJavaScript(JavaScript::defer("/js/app.js")))
+///       .with_assets(AssetsOp::SetFavicon(Some(Favicon::new().with_icon("/favicon.ico"))))
+///       .with_assets(AssetsOp::AddStyleSheet(StyleSheet::from("/css/app.css")))
+///       .with_assets(AssetsOp::AddJavaScript(JavaScript::defer("/js/app.js")))
 ///       .with_param("usuario_id", 42_i32)
 /// }
 /// ```
@@ -118,9 +118,9 @@ pub trait Contextual: LangId {
     #[builder_fn]
     fn with_param<T: 'static>(self, key: &'static str, value: T) -> Self;
 
-    /// Define los recursos del contexto usando [`ContextOp`].
+    /// Define los recursos del contexto usando [`AssetsOp`].
     #[builder_fn]
-    fn with_assets(self, op: ContextOp) -> Self;
+    fn with_assets(self, op: AssetsOp) -> Self;
 
     /// Opera con [`ChildOp`] en una región del documento.
     #[builder_fn]
@@ -194,11 +194,11 @@ pub trait Contextual: LangId {
 ///         // Establece el tema para renderizar.
 ///         .with_theme(&Aliner)
 ///         // Asigna un favicon.
-///         .with_assets(ContextOp::SetFavicon(Some(Favicon::new().with_icon("/favicon.ico"))))
+///         .with_assets(AssetsOp::SetFavicon(Some(Favicon::new().with_icon("/favicon.ico"))))
 ///         // Añade una hoja de estilo externa.
-///         .with_assets(ContextOp::AddStyleSheet(StyleSheet::from("/css/style.css")))
+///         .with_assets(AssetsOp::AddStyleSheet(StyleSheet::from("/css/style.css")))
 ///         // Añade un script JavaScript.
-///         .with_assets(ContextOp::AddJavaScript(JavaScript::defer("/js/main.js")))
+///         .with_assets(AssetsOp::AddJavaScript(JavaScript::defer("/js/main.js")))
 ///         // Añade un parámetro dinámico al contexto.
 ///         .with_param("usuario_id", 42)
 /// }
@@ -471,29 +471,29 @@ impl Contextual for Context {
     }
 
     #[builder_fn]
-    fn with_assets(mut self, op: ContextOp) -> Self {
+    fn with_assets(mut self, op: AssetsOp) -> Self {
         match op {
             // Favicon.
-            ContextOp::SetFavicon(favicon) => {
+            AssetsOp::SetFavicon(favicon) => {
                 self.favicon = favicon;
             }
-            ContextOp::SetFaviconIfNone(icon) => {
+            AssetsOp::SetFaviconIfNone(icon) => {
                 if self.favicon.is_none() {
                     self.favicon = Some(icon);
                 }
             }
             // Stylesheets.
-            ContextOp::AddStyleSheet(css) => {
+            AssetsOp::AddStyleSheet(css) => {
                 self.stylesheets.add(css);
             }
-            ContextOp::RemoveStyleSheet(path) => {
+            AssetsOp::RemoveStyleSheet(path) => {
                 self.stylesheets.remove(path);
             }
             // Scripts JavaScript.
-            ContextOp::AddJavaScript(js) => {
+            AssetsOp::AddJavaScript(js) => {
                 self.javascripts.add(js);
             }
-            ContextOp::RemoveJavaScript(path) => {
+            AssetsOp::RemoveJavaScript(path) => {
                 self.javascripts.remove(path);
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index 6369df88..6ee31d60 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -117,13 +117,13 @@ use std::ops::Deref;
 /// impl Theme for MyTheme {
 ///     fn before_render_page_body(&self, page: &mut Page) {
 ///         page
-///             .alter_assets(ContextOp::AddStyleSheet(
+///             .alter_assets(AssetsOp::AddStyleSheet(
 ///                 StyleSheet::from("/css/normalize.css").with_version("8.0.1"),
 ///             ))
-///             .alter_assets(ContextOp::AddStyleSheet(
+///             .alter_assets(AssetsOp::AddStyleSheet(
 ///                 StyleSheet::from("/css/basic.css").with_version(PAGETOP_VERSION),
 ///             ))
-///             .alter_assets(ContextOp::AddStyleSheet(
+///             .alter_assets(AssetsOp::AddStyleSheet(
 ///                 StyleSheet::from("/mytheme/styles.css").with_version(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION")),
 ///             ));
 ///     }
diff --git a/src/response/page.rs b/src/response/page.rs
index 83fe00ba..5af063e4 100644
--- a/src/response/page.rs
+++ b/src/response/page.rs
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ pub use error::ErrorPage;
 pub use actix_web::Result as ResultPage;
 
 use crate::base::action;
+use crate::core::component::{AssetsOp, Context, Contextual};
 use crate::core::component::{Child, ChildOp, Component};
-use crate::core::component::{Context, ContextOp, Contextual};
 use crate::core::theme::{DefaultRegion, Region, RegionRef, TemplateRef, ThemeRef};
 use crate::html::{html, Markup, DOCTYPE};
 use crate::html::{Assets, Favicon, JavaScript, StyleSheet};
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ impl Contextual for Page {
     }
 
     #[builder_fn]
-    fn with_assets(mut self, op: ContextOp) -> Self {
+    fn with_assets(mut self, op: AssetsOp) -> Self {
         self.context.alter_assets(op);
         self
     }

From a0b14aec36d9128b4185c11c50b656a58c9036ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Manuel Cillero <manuel@cillero.es>
Date: Sat, 21 Mar 2026 11:26:02 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] =?UTF-8?q?=E2=9C=A8=20Implementa=20`Debug`=20en=20com?=
 =?UTF-8?q?p./tipos=20principales?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .../src/theme/container/component.rs          |  2 +-
 .../src/theme/dropdown/component.rs           |  2 +-
 .../src/theme/dropdown/item.rs                |  4 ++--
 .../src/theme/form/component.rs               |  2 +-
 .../src/theme/form/fieldset.rs                |  2 +-
 .../pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/input.rs  |  2 +-
 extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/icon.rs |  2 +-
 .../src/theme/image/component.rs              |  2 +-
 .../src/theme/nav/component.rs                |  2 +-
 .../pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/item.rs    |  4 ++--
 .../src/theme/navbar/brand.rs                 |  2 +-
 .../src/theme/navbar/component.rs             |  2 +-
 .../pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/item.rs |  2 +-
 .../src/theme/navbar/props.rs                 |  2 +-
 .../src/theme/offcanvas/component.rs          |  2 +-
 src/base/component/block.rs                   |  2 +-
 src/base/component/html.rs                    | 10 +++++++++
 src/base/component/intro.rs                   |  2 +-
 src/base/component/poweredby.rs               |  2 +-
 src/core/component/children.rs                | 21 +++++++++++++++++-
 src/locale/l10n.rs                            | 22 +++++++++----------
 21 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/container/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/container/component.rs
index 38fc9e1f..5578765f 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/container/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/container/component.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 ///
 /// Envuelve un contenido con la etiqueta HTML indicada por [`container::Kind`]. Sólo se renderiza
 /// si existen componentes hijos (*children*).
-#[derive(AutoDefault, Getters)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug, Getters)]
 pub struct Container {
     #[getters(skip)]
     id: AttrId,
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/component.rs
index a5f17298..046f6ec1 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/component.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use crate::LOCALES_BOOTSIER;
 ///
 /// Ver ejemplo en el módulo [`dropdown`].
 /// Si no contiene elementos, el componente **no se renderiza**.
-#[derive(AutoDefault, Getters)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug, Getters)]
 pub struct Dropdown {
     #[getters(skip)]
     id: AttrId,
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/item.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/item.rs
index 2bc3bf02..2b94a8f1 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/item.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/item.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use pagetop::prelude::*;
 ///
 /// Define internamente la naturaleza del elemento y su comportamiento al mostrarse o interactuar
 /// con él.
-#[derive(AutoDefault)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug)]
 pub enum ItemKind {
     /// Elemento vacío, no produce salida.
     #[default]
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub enum ItemKind {
 ///
 /// Permite definir el identificador, las clases de estilo adicionales y el tipo de interacción
 /// asociada, manteniendo una interfaz común para renderizar todos los elementos del menú.
-#[derive(AutoDefault, Getters)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug, Getters)]
 pub struct Item {
     #[getters(skip)]
     id: AttrId,
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/component.rs
index b3a814a1..5212554b 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/component.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use crate::theme::form;
 ///     .with_classes(ClassesOp::Add, "mb-3")
 ///     .add_child(Input::new().with_name("q"));
 /// ```
-#[derive(AutoDefault, Getters)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug, Getters)]
 pub struct Form {
     #[getters(skip)]
     id: AttrId,
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/fieldset.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/fieldset.rs
index f731e566..6d6a08cb 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/fieldset.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/fieldset.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use pagetop::prelude::*;
 /// Agrupa controles relacionados de un formulario (`<fieldset>`).
 ///
 /// Se usa para mejorar la accesibilidad cuando se acompaña de una leyenda que encabeza el grupo.
-#[derive(AutoDefault, Getters)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug, Getters)]
 pub struct Fieldset {
     #[getters(skip)]
     id: AttrId,
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/input.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/input.rs
index 019c98c0..bb37681b 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/input.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/input.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use pagetop::prelude::*;
 use crate::theme::form;
 use crate::LOCALES_BOOTSIER;
 
-#[derive(AutoDefault, Getters)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug, Getters)]
 pub struct Input {
     classes: Classes,
     input_type: form::InputType,
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/icon.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/icon.rs
index dfce3aa9..4a2abde2 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/icon.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/icon.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub enum IconKind {
     },
 }
 
-#[derive(AutoDefault, Getters)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug, Getters)]
 pub struct Icon {
     /// Devuelve las clases CSS asociadas al icono.
     classes: Classes,
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/image/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/image/component.rs
index de2866cc..597446c7 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/image/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/image/component.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 ///   ([`classes::Border`](crate::theme::classes::Border)) y **redondeo de esquinas**
 ///   ([`classes::Rounded`](crate::theme::classes::Rounded)).
 /// - Resuelve el texto alternativo `alt` con **localización** mediante [`L10n`].
-#[derive(AutoDefault, Getters)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug, Getters)]
 pub struct Image {
     #[getters(skip)]
     id: AttrId,
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/component.rs
index 48cef0a3..d01fd1d7 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/component.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 ///
 /// Ver ejemplo en el módulo [`nav`].
 /// Si no contiene elementos, el componente **no se renderiza**.
-#[derive(AutoDefault, Getters)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug, Getters)]
 pub struct Nav {
     #[getters(skip)]
     id: AttrId,
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/item.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/item.rs
index be9b2932..5db8864e 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/item.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/item.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use crate::LOCALES_BOOTSIER;
 ///
 /// Define internamente la naturaleza del elemento y su comportamiento al mostrarse o interactuar
 /// con él.
-#[derive(AutoDefault)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug)]
 pub enum ItemKind {
     /// Elemento vacío, no produce salida.
     #[default]
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ impl ItemKind {
 ///
 /// Permite definir el identificador, las clases de estilo adicionales y el tipo de interacción
 /// asociada, manteniendo una interfaz común para renderizar todos los elementos del menú.
-#[derive(AutoDefault, Getters)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug, Getters)]
 pub struct Item {
     #[getters(skip)]
     id: AttrId,
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/brand.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/brand.rs
index 15a7c57f..7dd43ef5 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/brand.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/brand.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 /// - Si no hay imagen ([`with_image()`](Self::with_image)) ni título
 ///   ([`with_title()`](Self::with_title)), la marca de identidad no se renderiza.
 /// - El eslogan ([`with_slogan()`](Self::with_slogan)) es opcional; por defecto no tiene contenido.
-#[derive(AutoDefault, Getters)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug, Getters)]
 pub struct Brand {
     #[getters(skip)]
     id: AttrId,
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/component.rs
index 36ce7961..7b56f2a2 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/component.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ const TOGGLE_OFFCANVAS: &str = "offcanvas";
 ///
 /// Ver ejemplos en el módulo [`navbar`].
 /// Si no contiene elementos, el componente **no se renderiza**.
-#[derive(AutoDefault, Getters)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug, Getters)]
 pub struct Navbar {
     #[getters(skip)]
     id: AttrId,
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/item.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/item.rs
index 89b7c45e..25ad3a0e 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/item.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/item.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 /// Cada variante determina qué se renderiza y cómo. Estos elementos se colocan **dentro del
 /// contenido** de la barra (la parte colapsable, el *offcanvas* o el bloque simple), por lo que son
 /// independientes de la marca o del botón que ya pueda definir el propio [`navbar::Layout`].
-#[derive(AutoDefault)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug)]
 pub enum Item {
     /// Sin contenido, no produce salida.
     #[default]
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/props.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/props.rs
index 59189946..1d88aab7 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/props.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/props.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 // **< Layout >*************************************************************************************
 
 /// Representa los diferentes tipos de presentación de una barra de navegación [`Navbar`].
-#[derive(AutoDefault)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug)]
 pub enum Layout {
     /// Barra simple, sin marca de identidad y sin botón de despliegue.
     ///
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/offcanvas/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/offcanvas/component.rs
index 2e35f96d..ee175547 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/offcanvas/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/offcanvas/component.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use crate::LOCALES_BOOTSIER;
 ///
 /// Ver ejemplo en el módulo [`offcanvas`].
 /// Si no contiene elementos, el componente **no se renderiza**.
-#[derive(AutoDefault, Getters)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug, Getters)]
 pub struct Offcanvas {
     #[getters(skip)]
     id: AttrId,
diff --git a/src/base/component/block.rs b/src/base/component/block.rs
index c10c6fa2..1e075e2e 100644
--- a/src/base/component/block.rs
+++ b/src/base/component/block.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 ///
 /// Los bloques se utilizan como contenedores de otros componentes o contenidos, con un título
 /// opcional y un cuerpo que sólo se renderiza si existen componentes hijos (*children*).
-#[derive(AutoDefault, Getters)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug, Getters)]
 pub struct Block {
     #[getters(skip)]
     id: AttrId,
diff --git a/src/base/component/html.rs b/src/base/component/html.rs
index 58d16857..ac0edb2f 100644
--- a/src/base/component/html.rs
+++ b/src/base/component/html.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
+use std::fmt;
+
 /// Componente básico que renderiza dinámicamente código HTML según el contexto.
 ///
 /// Este componente permite generar contenido HTML arbitrario, usando la macro `html!` y accediendo
@@ -31,6 +33,14 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 /// ```
 pub struct Html(Box<dyn Fn(&mut Context) -> Markup + Send + Sync>);
 
+impl fmt::Debug for Html {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_tuple("Html")
+            .field(&"Fn(&mut Context) -> Markup")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
 impl Default for Html {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self::with(|_| html! {})
diff --git a/src/base/component/intro.rs b/src/base/component/intro.rs
index fd68d2bc..378ca42a 100644
--- a/src/base/component/intro.rs
+++ b/src/base/component/intro.rs
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ pub enum IntroOpening {
 ///             })),
 ///     );
 /// ```
-#[derive(Getters)]
+#[derive(Debug, Getters)]
 pub struct Intro {
     /// Devuelve el título de entrada.
     title: L10n,
diff --git a/src/base/component/poweredby.rs b/src/base/component/poweredby.rs
index 61f7ab84..b9ffe61f 100644
--- a/src/base/component/poweredby.rs
+++ b/src/base/component/poweredby.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ const LINK: &str = "<a href=\"https://pagetop.cillero.es\" rel=\"noopener norefe
 /// Por defecto, usando [`default()`](Self::default) sólo se muestra un reconocimiento a PageTop.
 /// Sin embargo, se puede usar [`new()`](Self::new) para crear una instancia con un texto de
 /// copyright predeterminado.
-#[derive(AutoDefault, Getters)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug, Getters)]
 pub struct PoweredBy {
     /// Devuelve el texto de copyright actual, si existe.
     copyright: Option<String>,
diff --git a/src/core/component/children.rs b/src/core/component/children.rs
index 1c424870..7aa9b053 100644
--- a/src/core/component/children.rs
+++ b/src/core/component/children.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use parking_lot::RwLock;
 pub use parking_lot::RwLockReadGuard as ComponentReadGuard;
 pub use parking_lot::RwLockWriteGuard as ComponentWriteGuard;
 
+use std::fmt;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::vec::IntoIter;
 
@@ -17,6 +18,15 @@ use std::vec::IntoIter;
 #[derive(AutoDefault, Clone)]
 pub struct Child(Option<Arc<RwLock<dyn Component>>>);
 
+impl fmt::Debug for Child {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match &self.0 {
+            None => write!(f, "Child(None)"),
+            Some(c) => write!(f, "Child({})", c.read().name()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl Child {
     /// Crea un nuevo `Child` a partir de un componente.
     pub fn with(component: impl Component) -> Self {
@@ -71,6 +81,15 @@ impl Child {
 #[derive(AutoDefault, Clone)]
 pub struct Typed<C: Component>(Option<Arc<RwLock<C>>>);
 
+impl<C: Component> fmt::Debug for Typed<C> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match &self.0 {
+            None => write!(f, "Typed(None)"),
+            Some(c) => write!(f, "Typed({})", c.read().name()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<C: Component> Typed<C> {
     /// Crea un nuevo `Typed` a partir de un componente.
     pub fn with(component: C) -> Self {
@@ -202,7 +221,7 @@ pub enum TypedOp<C: Component> {
 /// Esta lista permite añadir, modificar, renderizar y consultar componentes hijo en orden de
 /// inserción, soportando operaciones avanzadas como inserción relativa o reemplazo por
 /// identificador.
-#[derive(AutoDefault, Clone)]
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Children(Vec<Child>);
 
 impl Children {
diff --git a/src/locale/l10n.rs b/src/locale/l10n.rs
index 7b096d9f..af5e9535 100644
--- a/src/locale/l10n.rs
+++ b/src/locale/l10n.rs
@@ -62,6 +62,17 @@ pub struct L10n {
     args: Vec<(CowStr, CowStr)>,
 }
 
+impl fmt::Debug for L10n {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("L10n")
+            .field("op", &self.op)
+            .field("args", &self.args)
+            // No se puede mostrar `locales`; se representa con un texto fijo.
+            .field("locales", &"<StaticLoader>")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
 impl L10n {
     /// **n** = *“native”*. Crea una instancia con una cadena literal sin traducción.
     pub fn n(text: impl Into<CowStr>) -> Self {
@@ -177,14 +188,3 @@ impl L10n {
         PreEscaped(self.lookup(language).unwrap_or_default())
     }
 }
-
-impl fmt::Debug for L10n {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("L10n")
-            .field("op", &self.op)
-            .field("args", &self.args)
-            // No se puede mostrar `locales`; se representa con un texto fijo.
-            .field("locales", &"<StaticLoader>")
-            .finish()
-    }
-}

From 34aeeab2d70a5059d7a98e165b57df038899ab0c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Manuel Cillero <manuel@cillero.es>
Date: Sat, 21 Mar 2026 13:15:39 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] =?UTF-8?q?=E2=9C=A8=20A=C3=B1ade=20`ComponentError`?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20con=20HTML=20alternativo?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

`prepare_component()` ahora devuelve `Result<Markup, ComponentError>` en
lugar de `Markup`, para que los componentes señalen fallos durante el
renderizado de forma explícita.

`ComponentError` encapsula un mensaje de error y un marcado HTML
alternativo opcional (`fallback`). Si se produce un error, el ciclo de
renderizado registra la traza y muestra el `fallback` en lugar del
componente fallido, sin interrumpir el resto de la página.

Lo mismo aplica a los errores devueltos por la acción `PrepareRender` de
los temas, que siguen el mismo mecanismo.
---
 .../src/theme/container/component.rs          |  8 +-
 .../src/theme/dropdown/component.rs           |  8 +-
 .../src/theme/dropdown/item.rs                |  6 +-
 .../src/theme/form/component.rs               |  6 +-
 .../src/theme/form/fieldset.rs                |  6 +-
 .../pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/input.rs  |  6 +-
 extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/icon.rs |  6 +-
 .../src/theme/image/component.rs              | 10 +--
 .../src/theme/nav/component.rs                |  8 +-
 .../pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/item.rs    |  8 +-
 .../src/theme/navbar/brand.rs                 |  8 +-
 .../src/theme/navbar/component.rs             |  8 +-
 .../pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/item.rs |  8 +-
 .../src/theme/offcanvas/component.rs          |  4 +-
 src/base/action/theme/prepare_render.rs       | 20 ++---
 src/base/component/block.rs                   |  8 +-
 src/base/component/html.rs                    |  4 +-
 src/base/component/intro.rs                   |  6 +-
 src/base/component/poweredby.rs               |  6 +-
 src/core/action.rs                            |  2 +-
 src/core/action/all.rs                        | 15 ++++
 src/core/action/list.rs                       | 17 +++++
 src/core/component.rs                         |  7 +-
 src/core/component/definition.rs              | 75 +++++++++++++------
 src/core/component/error.rs                   | 66 ++++++++++++++++
 tests/html_markup.rs                          |  6 +-
 26 files changed, 232 insertions(+), 100 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/core/component/error.rs

diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/container/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/container/component.rs
index 5578765f..ad828c48 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/container/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/container/component.rs
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ impl Component for Container {
         self.alter_classes(ClassesOp::Prepend, self.container_width().to_class());
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
         let output = self.children().render(cx);
         if output.is_empty() {
-            return html! {};
+            return Ok(html! {});
         }
         let style = match self.container_width() {
             container::Width::FluidMax(w) if w.is_measurable() => {
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl Component for Container {
             }
             _ => None,
         };
-        match self.container_kind() {
+        Ok(match self.container_kind() {
             container::Kind::Default => html! {
                 div id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] style=[style] {
                     (output)
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ impl Component for Container {
                     (output)
                 }
             },
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/component.rs
index 046f6ec1..cb721fca 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/component.rs
@@ -63,17 +63,17 @@ impl Component for Dropdown {
         );
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
         // Si no hay elementos en el menú, no se prepara.
         let items = self.items().render(cx);
         if items.is_empty() {
-            return html! {};
+            return Ok(html! {});
         }
 
         // Título opcional para el menú desplegable.
         let title = self.title().using(cx);
 
-        html! {
+        Ok(html! {
             div id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] {
                 @if !title.is_empty() {
                     @let mut btn_classes = Classes::new({
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ impl Component for Dropdown {
                     ul class="dropdown-menu" { (items) }
                 }
             }
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/item.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/item.rs
index 2b94a8f1..ac252d1b 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/item.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/dropdown/item.rs
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ impl Component for Item {
         self.id.get()
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
-        match self.item_kind() {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
+        Ok(match self.item_kind() {
             ItemKind::Void => html! {},
 
             ItemKind::Label(label) => html! {
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ impl Component for Item {
             ItemKind::Divider => html! {
                 li id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] { hr class="dropdown-divider" {} }
             },
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/component.rs
index 5212554b..6ed05938 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/component.rs
@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ impl Component for Form {
         self.alter_classes(ClassesOp::Prepend, "form");
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
         let method = match self.method() {
             form::Method::Post => Some("post"),
             form::Method::Get => None,
         };
-        html! {
+        Ok(html! {
             form
                 id=[self.id()]
                 class=[self.classes().get()]
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl Component for Form {
             {
                 (self.children().render(cx))
             }
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/fieldset.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/fieldset.rs
index 6d6a08cb..536218e9 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/fieldset.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/fieldset.rs
@@ -22,15 +22,15 @@ impl Component for Fieldset {
         self.id.get()
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
-        html! {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
+        Ok(html! {
             fieldset id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] disabled[*self.disabled()] {
                 @if let Some(legend) = self.legend().lookup(cx) {
                     legend { (legend) }
                 }
                 (self.children().render(cx))
             }
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/input.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/input.rs
index bb37681b..1872f806 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/input.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/form/input.rs
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ impl Component for Input {
         );
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
         let id = self.name().get().map(|name| util::join!("edit-", name));
-        html! {
+        Ok(html! {
             div class=[self.classes().get()] {
                 @if let Some(label) = self.label().lookup(cx) {
                     label for=[&id] class="form-label" {
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ impl Component for Input {
                     div class="form-text" { (description) }
                 }
             }
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/icon.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/icon.rs
index 4a2abde2..e3c0fe56 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/icon.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/icon.rs
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ impl Component for Icon {
         }
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
-        match self.icon_kind() {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
+        Ok(match self.icon_kind() {
             IconKind::None => html! {},
             IconKind::Font(_) => {
                 let aria_label = self.aria_label().lookup(cx);
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl Component for Icon {
                     }
                 }
             }
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/image/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/image/component.rs
index 597446c7..f9f04d26 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/image/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/image/component.rs
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ impl Component for Image {
         self.alter_classes(ClassesOp::Prepend, self.source().to_class());
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
         let dimensions = self.size().to_style();
         let alt_text = self.alternative().lookup(cx).unwrap_or_default();
         let is_decorative = alt_text.is_empty();
         let source = match self.source() {
             image::Source::Logo(logo) => {
-                return html! {
+                return Ok(html! {
                     span
                         id=[self.id()]
                         class=[self.classes().get()]
@@ -53,20 +53,20 @@ impl Component for Image {
                     {
                         (logo.render(cx))
                     }
-                }
+                })
             }
             image::Source::Responsive(source) => Some(source),
             image::Source::Thumbnail(source) => Some(source),
             image::Source::Plain(source) => Some(source),
         };
-        html! {
+        Ok(html! {
             img
                 src=[source]
                 alt=(alt_text)
                 id=[self.id()]
                 class=[self.classes().get()]
                 style=[dimensions] {}
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/component.rs
index d01fd1d7..fd849a9c 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/component.rs
@@ -42,17 +42,17 @@ impl Component for Nav {
         });
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
         let items = self.items().render(cx);
         if items.is_empty() {
-            return html! {};
+            return Ok(html! {});
         }
 
-        html! {
+        Ok(html! {
             ul id=[self.id()] class=[self.classes().get()] {
                 (items)
             }
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/item.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/item.rs
index 5db8864e..45418021 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/item.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/nav/item.rs
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ impl Component for Item {
         self.alter_classes(ClassesOp::Prepend, self.item_kind().to_class());
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
-        match self.item_kind() {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
+        Ok(match self.item_kind() {
             ItemKind::Void => html! {},
 
             ItemKind::Label(label) => html! {
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ impl Component for Item {
                 if let Some(dd) = menu.borrow() {
                     let items = dd.items().render(cx);
                     if items.is_empty() {
-                        return html! {};
+                        return Ok(html! {});
                     }
                     let title = dd.title().lookup(cx).unwrap_or_else(|| {
                         L10n::t("dropdown", &LOCALES_BOOTSIER)
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ impl Component for Item {
                     html! {}
                 }
             }
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/brand.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/brand.rs
index 7dd43ef5..5c22195a 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/brand.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/brand.rs
@@ -36,20 +36,20 @@ impl Component for Brand {
         self.id.get()
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
         let image = self.image().render(cx);
         let title = self.title().using(cx);
         if title.is_empty() && image.is_empty() {
-            return html! {};
+            return Ok(html! {});
         }
         let slogan = self.slogan().using(cx);
-        html! {
+        Ok(html! {
             @if let Some(route) = self.route() {
                 a class="navbar-brand" href=(route(cx)) { (image) (title) (slogan) }
             } @else {
                 span class="navbar-brand" { (image) (title) (slogan) }
             }
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/component.rs
index 7b56f2a2..6f0ecf54 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/component.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ impl Component for Navbar {
         });
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
         // Botón de despliegue (colapso u offcanvas) para la barra.
         fn button(cx: &mut Context, data_bs_toggle: &str, id_content: &str) -> Markup {
             let id_content_target = util::join!("#", id_content);
@@ -75,13 +75,13 @@ impl Component for Navbar {
         // Si no hay contenidos, no tiene sentido mostrar una barra vacía.
         let items = self.items().render(cx);
         if items.is_empty() {
-            return html! {};
+            return Ok(html! {});
         }
 
         // Asegura que la barra tiene un `id` para poder asociarlo al colapso/offcanvas.
         let id = cx.required_id::<Self>(self.id());
 
-        html! {
+        Ok(html! {
             nav id=(id) class=[self.classes().get()] {
                 div class="container-fluid" {
                     @match self.layout() {
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ impl Component for Navbar {
                     }
                 }
             }
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/item.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/item.rs
index 25ad3a0e..28e74cae 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/item.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/navbar/item.rs
@@ -46,15 +46,15 @@ impl Component for Item {
         }
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
-        match self {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
+        Ok(match self {
             Self::Void => html! {},
             Self::Brand(brand) => html! { (brand.render(cx)) },
             Self::Nav(nav) => {
                 if let Some(nav) = nav.borrow() {
                     let items = nav.items().render(cx);
                     if items.is_empty() {
-                        return html! {};
+                        return Ok(html! {});
                     }
                     html! {
                         ul id=[nav.id()] class=[nav.classes().get()] {
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ impl Component for Item {
                     (text.using(cx))
                 }
             },
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/offcanvas/component.rs b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/offcanvas/component.rs
index ee175547..233a9821 100644
--- a/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/offcanvas/component.rs
+++ b/extensions/pagetop-bootsier/src/theme/offcanvas/component.rs
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ impl Component for Offcanvas {
         });
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
-        self.render_offcanvas(cx, None)
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
+        Ok(self.render_offcanvas(cx, None))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/base/action/theme/prepare_render.rs b/src/base/action/theme/prepare_render.rs
index 8cc362be..108fd4b8 100644
--- a/src/base/action/theme/prepare_render.rs
+++ b/src/base/action/theme/prepare_render.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 /// los componentes.
 ///
 /// Recibe una referencia al componente `component` y una referencia mutable al contexto `cx`.
-pub type FnPrepareRender<C> = fn(component: &C, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup;
+pub type FnPrepareRender<C> = fn(component: &C, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError>;
 
 /// Ejecuta [`FnPrepareRender`] para preparar el renderizado de un componente.
 ///
@@ -41,23 +41,25 @@ impl<C: Component> PrepareRender<C> {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Despacha las acciones. Se detiene en cuanto una renderiza.
+    /// Despacha las acciones. Se detiene en cuanto una renderiza o produce un error.
     #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn dispatch(component: &C, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
-        let mut render_component = html! {};
-        dispatch_actions(
+    pub(crate) fn dispatch(component: &C, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
+        let mut render_result: Result<Markup, ComponentError> = Ok(html! {});
+        dispatch_actions_until(
             &ActionKey::new(
                 UniqueId::of::<Self>(),
                 Some(cx.theme().type_id()),
                 Some(UniqueId::of::<C>()),
                 None,
             ),
-            |action: &Self| {
-                if render_component.is_empty() {
-                    render_component = (action.f)(component, cx);
+            |action: &Self| match &render_result {
+                Ok(markup) if markup.is_empty() => {
+                    render_result = (action.f)(component, cx);
+                    std::ops::ControlFlow::Continue(())
                 }
+                _ => std::ops::ControlFlow::Break(()),
             },
         );
-        render_component
+        render_result
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/base/component/block.rs b/src/base/component/block.rs
index 1e075e2e..3faf6636 100644
--- a/src/base/component/block.rs
+++ b/src/base/component/block.rs
@@ -29,23 +29,23 @@ impl Component for Block {
         self.alter_classes(ClassesOp::Prepend, "block");
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
         let block_body = self.children().render(cx);
 
         if block_body.is_empty() {
-            return html! {};
+            return Ok(html! {});
         }
 
         let id = cx.required_id::<Block>(self.id());
 
-        html! {
+        Ok(html! {
             div id=(id) class=[self.classes().get()] {
                 @if let Some(title) = self.title().lookup(cx) {
                     h2 class="block__title" { span { (title) } }
                 }
                 div class="block__body" { (block_body) }
             }
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/base/component/html.rs b/src/base/component/html.rs
index ac0edb2f..3a55bd6e 100644
--- a/src/base/component/html.rs
+++ b/src/base/component/html.rs
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ impl Component for Html {
         Self::default()
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
-        self.html(cx)
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
+        Ok(self.html(cx))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/base/component/intro.rs b/src/base/component/intro.rs
index 378ca42a..1fd44e25 100644
--- a/src/base/component/intro.rs
+++ b/src/base/component/intro.rs
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ impl Component for Intro {
         ));
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
         if *self.opening() == IntroOpening::PageTop {
             cx.alter_assets(AssetsOp::AddJavaScript(JavaScript::on_load_async("intro-js", |cx|
                 util::indoc!(r#"
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ impl Component for Intro {
             )));
         }
 
-        html! {
+        Ok(html! {
             div class="intro" {
                 div class="intro-header" {
                     section class="intro-header__body" {
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ impl Component for Intro {
                     }
                 }
             }
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/base/component/poweredby.rs b/src/base/component/poweredby.rs
index b9ffe61f..1b9ffd66 100644
--- a/src/base/component/poweredby.rs
+++ b/src/base/component/poweredby.rs
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ impl Component for PoweredBy {
         PoweredBy { copyright: Some(c) }
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
-        html! {
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
+        Ok(html! {
             div id=[self.id()] class="poweredby" {
                 @if let Some(c) = self.copyright() {
                     span class="poweredby__copyright" { (c) "." } " "
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ impl Component for PoweredBy {
                     (L10n::l("poweredby_pagetop").with_arg("pagetop_link", LINK).using(cx))
                 }
             }
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/core/action.rs b/src/core/action.rs
index da7fb803..8eb724dd 100644
--- a/src/core/action.rs
+++ b/src/core/action.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use list::ActionsList;
 
 mod all;
 pub(crate) use all::add_action;
-pub use all::dispatch_actions;
+pub use all::{dispatch_actions, dispatch_actions_until};
 
 /// Facilita la implementación del método [`actions()`](crate::core::extension::Extension::actions).
 ///
diff --git a/src/core/action/all.rs b/src/core/action/all.rs
index 7e7305b1..513b1140 100644
--- a/src/core/action/all.rs
+++ b/src/core/action/all.rs
@@ -72,3 +72,18 @@ where
         list.iter_map(f);
     }
 }
+
+/// Despacha las funciones asociadas a una [`ActionKey`] con posible salida anticipada.
+///
+/// Funciona igual que [`dispatch_actions`], pero el *closure* puede devolver
+/// [`std::ops::ControlFlow::Continue`] para continuar ejecutando la siguiente acción; o
+/// [`std::ops::ControlFlow::Break`] para detener la iteración inmediatamente.
+pub fn dispatch_actions_until<A, F>(key: &ActionKey, f: F)
+where
+    A: ActionDispatcher,
+    F: FnMut(&A) -> std::ops::ControlFlow<()>,
+{
+    if let Some(list) = ACTIONS.read().get(key) {
+        list.iter_try_map(f);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/core/action/list.rs b/src/core/action/list.rs
index d60129c1..b8abff80 100644
--- a/src/core/action/list.rs
+++ b/src/core/action/list.rs
@@ -39,4 +39,21 @@ impl ActionsList {
             })
             .collect();
     }
+
+    pub fn iter_try_map<A, F>(&self, mut f: F)
+    where
+        A: ActionDispatcher,
+        F: FnMut(&A) -> std::ops::ControlFlow<()>,
+    {
+        let list = self.0.read();
+        for a in list.iter().rev() {
+            if let Some(action) = (**a).downcast_ref::<A>() {
+                if f(action).is_break() {
+                    break;
+                }
+            } else {
+                trace::error!("Failed to downcast action of type {}", (**a).type_name());
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/core/component.rs b/src/core/component.rs
index 79d524cc..ecd6eda6 100644
--- a/src/core/component.rs
+++ b/src/core/component.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 
 use crate::html::RoutePath;
 
+mod error;
+pub use error::ComponentError;
+
 mod definition;
 pub use definition::{Component, ComponentRender};
 
@@ -38,8 +41,8 @@ pub use context::{AssetsOp, Context, ContextError, Contextual};
 ///         self.renderable.map_or(true, |f| f(cx))
 ///     }
 ///
-///     fn prepare_component(&self, _cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
-///         html! { "Visible component" }
+///     fn prepare_component(&self, _cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
+///         Ok(html! { "Visible component" })
 ///     }
 /// }
 ///
diff --git a/src/core/component/definition.rs b/src/core/component/definition.rs
index 1992c2e7..611e9125 100644
--- a/src/core/component/definition.rs
+++ b/src/core/component/definition.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::base::action;
-use crate::core::component::Context;
+use crate::core::component::{ComponentError, Context, Contextual};
 use crate::core::{AnyInfo, TypeInfo};
 use crate::html::{html, Markup};
 
@@ -14,11 +14,15 @@ pub trait ComponentRender {
 
 /// Interfaz común que debe implementar un componente renderizable en PageTop.
 ///
-/// Se recomienda que los componentes deriven [`AutoDefault`](crate::AutoDefault). También deben
-/// implementar explícitamente el método [`new()`](Self::new) y pueden sobrescribir los otros
-/// métodos para personalizar su comportamiento.
+/// Se recomienda que los componentes declaren sus campos como privados, que deriven
+/// [`AutoDefault`](crate::AutoDefault) o implementen [`Default`] para inicializarlos por defecto, y
+/// [`Getters`](crate::Getters) para acceder a sus datos. Deberán implementar explícitamente el
+/// método [`new()`](Self::new) y podrán sobrescribir los demás métodos para personalizar su
+/// comportamiento.
 pub trait Component: AnyInfo + ComponentRender + Send + Sync {
     /// Crea una nueva instancia del componente.
+    ///
+    /// Por convención suele devolver `Self::default()`.
     fn new() -> Self
     where
         Self: Sized;
@@ -51,9 +55,9 @@ pub trait Component: AnyInfo + ComponentRender + Send + Sync {
     /// puede sobrescribirse para decidir dinámicamente si los componentes de este tipo se
     /// renderizan o no en función del contexto de renderizado.
     ///
-    /// También puede usarse junto con un alias de función como
-    /// ([`FnIsRenderable`](crate::core::component::FnIsRenderable)) para permitir que instancias
-    /// concretas del componente decidan si se renderizan o no.
+    /// También puede asignarse una función [`FnIsRenderable`](super::FnIsRenderable) a un campo del
+    /// componente para permitir que instancias concretas del mismo puedan decidir dinámicamente si
+    /// se renderizan o no.
     #[allow(unused_variables)]
     fn is_renderable(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> bool {
         true
@@ -62,25 +66,28 @@ pub trait Component: AnyInfo + ComponentRender + Send + Sync {
     /// Configura el componente justo antes de preparar el renderizado.
     ///
     /// Este método puede sobrescribirse para modificar la estructura interna del componente o el
-    /// contexto antes de preparar la renderización del componente. Por defecto no hace nada.
+    /// contexto antes de renderizarlo. Por defecto no hace nada.
     #[allow(unused_variables)]
     fn setup_before_prepare(&mut self, cx: &mut Context) {}
 
-    /// Devuelve una representación renderizada del componente.
+    /// Devuelve el marcado HTML del componente usando el contexto proporcionado.
     ///
     /// Este método forma parte del ciclo de vida de los componentes y se invoca automáticamente
-    /// durante el proceso de construcción del documento. Puede sobrescribirse para generar
-    /// dinámicamente el contenido HTML con acceso al contexto de renderizado.
+    /// durante el proceso de construcción del documento. Cada componente lo implementa para generar
+    /// su propio contenido HTML. Los temas hijo pueden sobrescribir opcionalmente su resultado
+    /// mediante la acción [`PrepareRender`](crate::base::action::theme::PrepareRender).
     ///
-    /// Este método debe ser capaz de preparar el renderizado del componente con los métodos del
-    /// propio componente y el contexto proporcionado, no debería hacerlo accediendo directamente a
-    /// los campos de la estructura del componente. Es una forma de garantizar que los programadores
-    /// podrán sobrescribir este método sin preocuparse por los detalles internos del componente.
+    /// Se recomienda obtener los datos del componente a través de sus propios métodos para que los
+    /// temas hijo que implementen dicha acción puedan generar el nuevo HTML sin depender de los
+    /// detalles internos del componente.
     ///
-    /// Por defecto, devuelve un [`Markup`] vacío (`html! {}`).
+    /// Por defecto, devuelve un [`Markup`] vacío (`Ok(html! {})`).
+    ///
+    /// En caso de error, devuelve un [`ComponentError`] que puede incluir un marcado alternativo
+    /// (*fallback*) para sustituir al componente fallido.
     #[allow(unused_variables)]
-    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
-        html! {}
+    fn prepare_component(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
+        Ok(html! {})
     }
 }
 
@@ -123,11 +130,33 @@ impl<C: Component> ComponentRender for C {
         action::component::BeforeRender::dispatch(self, cx);
 
         // Prepara el renderizado del componente.
-        let prepare = action::theme::PrepareRender::dispatch(self, cx);
-        let prepare = if prepare.is_empty() {
-            self.prepare_component(cx)
-        } else {
-            prepare
+        let prepare = match action::theme::PrepareRender::dispatch(self, cx) {
+            Ok(markup) if !markup.is_empty() => markup,
+            Ok(_) => match self.prepare_component(cx) {
+                Ok(markup) => markup,
+                Err(error) => {
+                    crate::trace::error!(
+                        path = cx.request().map(|r| r.path()).unwrap_or("<unknown>"),
+                        component = self.name(),
+                        id = self.id().as_deref().unwrap_or("<not set>"),
+                        source = "prepare_component",
+                        "render failed, using fallback: {}",
+                        error.message()
+                    );
+                    error.into_fallback()
+                }
+            },
+            Err(error) => {
+                crate::trace::error!(
+                    path = cx.request().map(|r| r.path()).unwrap_or("<unknown>"),
+                    component = self.name(),
+                    id = self.id().as_deref().unwrap_or("<not set>"),
+                    source = "PrepareRender",
+                    "render failed, using fallback: {}",
+                    error.message()
+                );
+                error.into_fallback()
+            }
         };
 
         // Acciones específicas del tema después de renderizar el componente.
diff --git a/src/core/component/error.rs b/src/core/component/error.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..50c042d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/component/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+use crate::html::{html, Markup};
+use crate::{AutoDefault, Getters};
+
+/// Error producido durante el renderizado de un componente.
+///
+/// Se usa en [`Component::prepare_component()`](super::Component::prepare_component) para devolver
+/// un [`Err`]. Puede incluir un marcado HTML alternativo para renderizar el componente de manera
+/// diferente en caso de error.
+///
+/// # Ejemplo
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use pagetop::prelude::*;
+/// # struct MyComponent;
+/// # impl Component for MyComponent {
+/// #     fn new() -> Self { MyComponent }
+/// fn prepare_component(&self, _cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
+///     Err(ComponentError::new("Database connection failed")
+///         .with_fallback(html! { p class="error" { "Content temporarily unavailable." } }))
+/// }
+/// # }
+/// ```
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Debug, Getters)]
+pub struct ComponentError {
+    /// Mensaje descriptivo del error.
+    message: String,
+    /// Marcado HTML alternativo para mostrar si el componente falla.
+    fallback: Markup,
+}
+
+impl ComponentError {
+    /// Crea un nuevo error para un componente con un marcado alternativo vacío.
+    pub fn new(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        ComponentError {
+            message: message.into(),
+            fallback: html! {},
+        }
+    }
+
+    // **< ComponentError BUILDER >*****************************************************************
+
+    /// Asigna el marcado HTML alternativo (*fallback*) que se mostrará si el componente falla.
+    ///
+    /// Si no se proporciona, no se renderizará nada del componente.
+    pub fn with_fallback(mut self, fallback: Markup) -> Self {
+        self.fallback = fallback;
+        self
+    }
+
+    // **< ComponentError GETTERS >*****************************************************************
+
+    /// Consume el error y devuelve su marcado alternativo.
+    ///
+    /// Se invoca internamente en [`ComponentRender`](crate::core::component::ComponentRender).
+    pub(crate) fn into_fallback(self) -> Markup {
+        self.fallback
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for ComponentError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.message)
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for ComponentError {}
diff --git a/tests/html_markup.rs b/tests/html_markup.rs
index ed8d7d73..4dae8b2c 100644
--- a/tests/html_markup.rs
+++ b/tests/html_markup.rs
@@ -10,15 +10,15 @@ struct TestMarkupComponent {
 
 impl Component for TestMarkupComponent {
     fn new() -> Self {
-        TestMarkupComponent::default()
+        Self::default()
     }
 
     fn is_renderable(&self, cx: &mut Context) -> bool {
         cx.param_or::<bool>("renderable", true)
     }
 
-    fn prepare_component(&self, _cx: &mut Context) -> Markup {
-        self.markup.clone()
+    fn prepare_component(&self, _cx: &mut Context) -> Result<Markup, ComponentError> {
+        Ok(self.markup.clone())
     }
 }
 

From 04dbbc8858e9e202709763636c02b6016610a4d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Manuel Cillero <manuel@cillero.es>
Date: Sat, 21 Mar 2026 13:24:42 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] =?UTF-8?q?=E2=9C=A8=20A=C3=B1ade=20`StatusMessage`/`M?=
 =?UTF-8?q?essageLevel`=20al=20contexto?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 src/core/component.rs         |   3 +
 src/core/component/context.rs | 131 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 src/core/component/message.rs |  49 +++++++++++++
 src/response/page.rs          |   4 ++
 4 files changed, 134 insertions(+), 53 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/core/component/message.rs

diff --git a/src/core/component.rs b/src/core/component.rs
index ecd6eda6..50c43c21 100644
--- a/src/core/component.rs
+++ b/src/core/component.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ pub use children::Children;
 pub use children::{Child, ChildOp};
 pub use children::{Typed, TypedOp};
 
+mod message;
+pub use message::{MessageLevel, StatusMessage};
+
 mod context;
 pub use context::{AssetsOp, Context, ContextError, Contextual};
 
diff --git a/src/core/component/context.rs b/src/core/component/context.rs
index e2a220b7..c1bea79f 100644
--- a/src/core/component/context.rs
+++ b/src/core/component/context.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-use crate::core::component::ChildOp;
+use crate::core::component::{ChildOp, MessageLevel, StatusMessage};
 use crate::core::theme::all::DEFAULT_THEME;
 use crate::core::theme::{ChildrenInRegions, RegionRef, TemplateRef, ThemeRef};
 use crate::core::TypeInfo;
 use crate::html::{html, Markup, RoutePath};
 use crate::html::{Assets, Favicon, JavaScript, StyleSheet};
+use crate::locale::L10n;
 use crate::locale::{LangId, LanguageIdentifier, RequestLocale};
 use crate::service::HttpRequest;
 use crate::{builder_fn, util, CowStr};
@@ -115,6 +116,19 @@ pub trait Contextual: LangId {
     fn with_template(self, template: TemplateRef) -> Self;
 
     /// Añade o modifica un parámetro dinámico del contexto.
+    ///
+    /// El valor se guardará conservando el *nombre del tipo* real para mejorar los mensajes de
+    /// error posteriores.
+    ///
+    /// # Ejemplos
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use pagetop::prelude::*;
+    /// let cx = Context::new(None)
+    ///     .with_param("usuario_id", 42_i32)
+    ///     .with_param("titulo", "Hola".to_string())
+    ///     .with_param("flags", vec!["a", "b"]);
+    /// ```
     #[builder_fn]
     fn with_param<T: 'static>(self, key: &'static str, value: T) -> Self;
 
@@ -137,7 +151,34 @@ pub trait Contextual: LangId {
     /// Devuelve la plantilla configurada para renderizar el documento.
     fn template(&self) -> TemplateRef;
 
-    /// Recupera un parámetro como [`Option`].
+    /// Recupera un parámetro como [`Option`], simplificando el acceso.
+    ///
+    /// A diferencia de [`get_param`](Context::get_param), que devuelve un [`Result`] con
+    /// información detallada de error, este método devuelve `None` tanto si la clave no existe como
+    /// si el valor guardado no coincide con el tipo solicitado.
+    ///
+    /// Resulta útil en escenarios donde sólo interesa saber si el valor existe y es del tipo
+    /// correcto, sin necesidad de diferenciar entre error de ausencia o de tipo.
+    ///
+    /// # Ejemplo
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use pagetop::prelude::*;
+    /// let cx = Context::new(None).with_param("username", "Alice".to_string());
+    ///
+    /// // Devuelve Some(&String) si existe y coincide el tipo.
+    /// assert_eq!(cx.param::<String>("username").map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("Alice"));
+    ///
+    /// // Devuelve None si no existe o si el tipo no coincide.
+    /// assert!(cx.param::<i32>("username").is_none());
+    /// assert!(cx.param::<String>("missing").is_none());
+    ///
+    /// // Acceso con valor por defecto.
+    /// let user = cx.param::<String>("missing")
+    ///     .cloned()
+    ///     .unwrap_or_else(|| "visitor".to_string());
+    /// assert_eq!(user, "visitor");
+    /// ```
     fn param<T: 'static>(&self, key: &'static str) -> Option<&T>;
 
     /// Devuelve el parámetro clonado o el **valor por defecto del tipo** (`T::default()`).
@@ -166,11 +207,27 @@ pub trait Contextual: LangId {
 
     // **< Contextual HELPERS >*********************************************************************
 
-    /// Genera un identificador único por tipo (`<tipo>-<n>`) cuando no se aporta uno explícito.
+    /// Devuelve el `id` proporcionado tal cual, o genera uno único para el tipo `T` si no se
+    /// proporciona ninguno.
     ///
-    /// Es útil para componentes u otros elementos HTML que necesitan un identificador predecible si
-    /// no se proporciona ninguno.
+    /// Si `id` es `None`, construye un identificador en la forma `<tipo>-<n>`, donde `<tipo>` es el
+    /// nombre corto del tipo en minúsculas y `<n>` un contador incremental interno del contexto. Es
+    /// útil para asignar identificadores HTML predecibles cuando el componente no recibe uno
+    /// explícito.
     fn required_id<T>(&mut self, id: Option<String>) -> String;
+
+    /// Acumula un [`StatusMessage`] en el contexto para notificar al visitante.
+    ///
+    /// Pueden generarse en cualquier punto del ciclo de una petición web (manejadores, renderizado,
+    /// lógica de negocio, etc.) que tengan acceso al contexto, y mostrarlos luego, por ejemplo, en
+    /// la página final devuelta al usuario.
+    ///
+    /// # Ejemplo
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,ignore
+    /// cx.push_message(MessageLevel::Warning, L10n::l("session-not-valid"));
+    /// ```
+    fn push_message(&mut self, level: MessageLevel, text: L10n);
 }
 
 /// Implementa un **contexto de renderizado** para un documento HTML.
@@ -235,6 +292,7 @@ pub struct Context {
     regions    : ChildrenInRegions,             // Regiones de componentes para renderizar.
     params     : HashMap<&'static str, (Box<dyn Any>, &'static str)>, // Parámetros en ejecución.
     id_counter : usize,                         // Contador para generar identificadores únicos.
+    messages   : Vec<StatusMessage>,            // Mensajes de usuario acumulados.
 }
 
 impl Default for Context {
@@ -262,6 +320,7 @@ impl Context {
             regions    : ChildrenInRegions::default(),
             params     : HashMap::default(),
             id_counter : 0,
+            messages   : Vec::new(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -403,6 +462,16 @@ impl Context {
         }
         route
     }
+
+    /// Devuelve todos los mensajes de usuario acumulados.
+    pub fn messages(&self) -> &[StatusMessage] {
+        &self.messages
+    }
+
+    /// Indica si hay mensajes de usuario acumulados.
+    pub fn has_messages(&self) -> bool {
+        !self.messages.is_empty()
+    }
 }
 
 /// Permite a [`Context`](crate::core::component::Context) actuar como proveedor de idioma.
@@ -449,20 +518,6 @@ impl Contextual for Context {
         self
     }
 
-    /// Añade o modifica un parámetro dinámico del contexto.
-    ///
-    /// El valor se guarda conservando el *nombre del tipo* real para mejorar los mensajes de error
-    /// posteriores.
-    ///
-    /// # Ejemplos
-    ///
-    /// ```rust
-    /// # use pagetop::prelude::*;
-    /// let cx = Context::new(None)
-    ///     .with_param("usuario_id", 42_i32)
-    ///     .with_param("titulo", "Hola".to_string())
-    ///     .with_param("flags", vec!["a", "b"]);
-    /// ```
     #[builder_fn]
     fn with_param<T: 'static>(mut self, key: &'static str, value: T) -> Self {
         let type_name = TypeInfo::FullName.of::<T>();
@@ -520,34 +575,6 @@ impl Contextual for Context {
         self.template
     }
 
-    /// Recupera un parámetro como [`Option`], simplificando el acceso.
-    ///
-    /// A diferencia de [`get_param`](Self::get_param), que devuelve un [`Result`] con información
-    /// detallada de error, este método devuelve `None` tanto si la clave no existe como si el valor
-    /// guardado no coincide con el tipo solicitado.
-    ///
-    /// Resulta útil en escenarios donde sólo interesa saber si el valor existe y es del tipo
-    /// correcto, sin necesidad de diferenciar entre error de ausencia o de tipo.
-    ///
-    /// # Ejemplo
-    ///
-    /// ```rust
-    /// # use pagetop::prelude::*;
-    /// let cx = Context::new(None).with_param("username", "Alice".to_string());
-    ///
-    /// // Devuelve Some(&String) si existe y coincide el tipo.
-    /// assert_eq!(cx.param::<String>("username").map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("Alice"));
-    ///
-    /// // Devuelve None si no existe o si el tipo no coincide.
-    /// assert!(cx.param::<i32>("username").is_none());
-    /// assert!(cx.param::<String>("missing").is_none());
-    ///
-    /// // Acceso con valor por defecto.
-    /// let user = cx.param::<String>("missing")
-    ///     .cloned()
-    ///     .unwrap_or_else(|| "visitor".to_string());
-    /// assert_eq!(user, "visitor");
-    /// ```
     fn param<T: 'static>(&self, key: &'static str) -> Option<&T> {
         self.get_param::<T>(key).ok()
     }
@@ -566,12 +593,6 @@ impl Contextual for Context {
 
     // **< Contextual HELPERS >*********************************************************************
 
-    /// Devuelve un identificador único dentro del contexto para el tipo `T`, si no se proporciona
-    /// un `id` explícito.
-    ///
-    /// Si no se proporciona un `id`, se genera un identificador único en la forma `<tipo>-<número>`
-    /// donde `<tipo>` es el nombre corto del tipo en minúsculas (sin espacios) y `<número>` es un
-    /// contador interno incremental.
     fn required_id<T>(&mut self, id: Option<String>) -> String {
         if let Some(id) = id {
             id
@@ -590,4 +611,8 @@ impl Contextual for Context {
             util::join!(prefix, "-", self.id_counter.to_string())
         }
     }
+
+    fn push_message(&mut self, level: MessageLevel, text: L10n) {
+        self.messages.push(StatusMessage::new(level, text));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/core/component/message.rs b/src/core/component/message.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d0f9d77b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/component/message.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+use crate::locale::L10n;
+use crate::{AutoDefault, Getters};
+
+/// Nivel de severidad de un [`StatusMessage`].
+#[derive(AutoDefault, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum MessageLevel {
+    /// Mensaje informativo para el usuario.
+    #[default]
+    Info,
+    /// Aviso o advertencia para el usuario.
+    Warning,
+    /// Error comunicado al usuario.
+    Error,
+}
+
+/// Notificación amigable para el usuario generada al procesar una petición web.
+///
+/// Representa un mensaje con carácter informativo, una advertencia o un error. A diferencia de
+/// [`ComponentError`](super::ComponentError), no está ligado a un fallo interno de renderizado,
+/// puede generarse en cualquier punto del procesamiento de una petición web (manejadores,
+/// renderizado, lógica de negocio, etc.).
+///
+/// El texto se almacena como [`L10n`] para resolverse con el idioma del contexto en el momento de
+/// la visualización.
+///
+/// # Ejemplo
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use pagetop::prelude::*;
+/// // Mensaje informativo con clave traducible.
+/// let info = StatusMessage::new(MessageLevel::Info, L10n::l("saved-successfully"));
+///
+/// // Aviso con texto literal sin traducción.
+/// let warn = StatusMessage::new(MessageLevel::Warning, L10n::n("Formulario incompleto."));
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Getters)]
+pub struct StatusMessage {
+    /// Nivel de severidad del mensaje.
+    level: MessageLevel,
+    /// Texto del mensaje.
+    text: L10n,
+}
+
+impl StatusMessage {
+    /// Crea un nuevo mensaje de usuario con el nivel y texto indicados.
+    pub fn new(level: MessageLevel, text: L10n) -> Self {
+        StatusMessage { level, text }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/response/page.rs b/src/response/page.rs
index 5af063e4..a30c2324 100644
--- a/src/response/page.rs
+++ b/src/response/page.rs
@@ -380,4 +380,8 @@ impl Contextual for Page {
     fn required_id<T>(&mut self, id: Option<String>) -> String {
         self.context.required_id::<T>(id)
     }
+
+    fn push_message(&mut self, level: crate::prelude::MessageLevel, text: L10n) {
+        self.context.push_message(level, text);
+    }
 }

From af309930f76fadf722595f25f034db5f839f4b38 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Manuel Cillero <manuel@cillero.es>
Date: Sat, 21 Mar 2026 13:26:11 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] =?UTF-8?q?=F0=9F=A9=B9=20Mensajes=20de=20error=20en?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20min=C3=BAscula=20y=20corrige=20test?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 src/html/unit.rs             | 10 +++++-----
 src/util.rs                  |  2 +-
 tests/component_poweredby.rs |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/html/unit.rs b/src/html/unit.rs
index 5096ad4f..af452598 100644
--- a/src/html/unit.rs
+++ b/src/html/unit.rs
@@ -213,12 +213,12 @@ impl FromStr for UnitValue {
             None => {
                 let n: f32 = s
                     .parse()
-                    .map_err(|e| format!("Invalid number `{s}`: {e}"))?;
+                    .map_err(|e| format!("invalid number `{s}`: {e}"))?;
                 if n == 0.0 {
                     Ok(UnitValue::Zero)
                 } else {
                     Err(
-                        "Missing unit (expected one of cm,in,mm,pc,pt,px,em,rem,vh,vw, or %)"
+                        "missing unit (expected one of cm,in,mm,pc,pt,px,em,rem,vh,vw, or %)"
                             .to_string(),
                     )
                 }
@@ -230,11 +230,11 @@ impl FromStr for UnitValue {
 
                 let parse_abs = |n_s: &str| -> Result<isize, String> {
                     n_s.parse::<isize>()
-                        .map_err(|e| format!("Invalid integer `{n_s}`: {e}"))
+                        .map_err(|e| format!("invalid integer `{n_s}`: {e}"))
                 };
                 let parse_rel = |n_s: &str| -> Result<f32, String> {
                     n_s.parse::<f32>()
-                        .map_err(|e| format!("Invalid float `{n_s}`: {e}"))
+                        .map_err(|e| format!("invalid float `{n_s}`: {e}"))
                 };
 
                 match u.to_ascii_lowercase().as_str() {
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ impl FromStr for UnitValue {
                     // Porcentaje como unidad.
                     "%" => Ok(UnitValue::RelPct(parse_rel(n)?)),
                     // Unidad desconocida.
-                    _ => Err(format!("Unknown unit: `{u}`")),
+                    _ => Err(format!("unknown unit: `{u}`")),
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/util.rs b/src/util.rs
index de275efa..6ea4b70d 100644
--- a/src/util.rs
+++ b/src/util.rs
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ pub fn resolve_absolute_dir<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
         Ok(absolute_dir)
     } else {
         Err({
-            let msg = format!("Path \"{}\" is not a directory", absolute_dir.display());
+            let msg = format!("path \"{}\" is not a directory", absolute_dir.display());
             trace::warn!(msg);
             io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, msg)
         })
diff --git a/tests/component_poweredby.rs b/tests/component_poweredby.rs
index 7e5a062c..7dca895d 100644
--- a/tests/component_poweredby.rs
+++ b/tests/component_poweredby.rs
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ async fn poweredby_getter_reflects_internal_state() {
 
     // Y `new()` lo inicializa con año + nombre de app.
     let p1 = PoweredBy::new();
-    let c1 = p1.copyright().expect("Expected copyright to exis");
+    let c1 = p1.copyright().expect("Expected copyright to exist");
     assert!(c1.contains(&Utc::now().format("%Y").to_string()));
     assert!(c1.contains(&global::SETTINGS.app.name));
 }